Stair Calculator — Rise, Run, Stringer & Steps

    Calculate stair dimensions including number of steps, riser height, tread depth, total run, and stringer length. Meets IRC residential building code guidelines for safe, comfortable stairs.

    Tips

    • • IRC residential code: max 7.75" riser, min 10" tread depth, min 36" width
    • • IBC commercial code: max 7" riser, min 11" tread depth
    • • The 7-11 rule: most comfortable stairs have a 7" rise and 11" run
    • • Risers must be consistent — max 3/8" variation between any two risers in a flight
    • • Headroom clearance must be at least 6'8" above every tread
    • • The most comfortable stairs follow Ching's formula: 2 × riser + tread = 24–25 inches. The classic "7/11" stair (7" rise, 11" tread) scores 25 — right in the sweet spot.
    • • Ideal stair angle is 30–35 degrees. Steeper stairs feel unsafe, shallower stairs waste floor space and feel awkward.

    Estimates only — always verify stair dimensions against your local building code before construction.

    Example Calculation

    Building stairs for a 9-foot (108-inch) floor-to-floor rise with a 7.5-inch target riser? You need 15 risers at 7.20 inches each, with 14 treads at 10 inches. The total run is 140 inches (11.7 feet) and the stringer length is about 14.7 feet. This meets IRC residential code requirements.

    Stair Dimensions by Floor Height

    Based on 10-inch tread depth

    Total RiseStepsRiser HeightTotal RunStringer
    3 ft (36 in) — deck57.20 in3.3 ft4.5 ft
    6 ft (72 in)107.20 in7.5 ft9.6 ft
    8 ft (96 in)137.38 in10.0 ft12.8 ft
    9 ft (108 in)157.20 in11.7 ft14.7 ft
    10 ft (120 in)167.50 in12.5 ft16.0 ft

    Frequently Asked Questions

    How many stairs do I need for an 8-foot ceiling?

    With standard framing, floor-to-floor height is about 105–110 inches. At a comfortable 7.5-inch rise, that's 14–15 steps.

    What is the maximum riser height allowed by code?

    7.75 inches for residential stairs (IRC). 7 inches for commercial stairs (IBC). Most comfortable range is 7–7.5 inches.

    What is the minimum tread depth?

    10 inches for residential (IRC), 11 inches for commercial (IBC). Tread depth is measured from nosing to nosing, not including the overhang.

    How do I calculate stringer length?

    Use the Pythagorean theorem: stringer = √(total rise² + total run²). For a 9-foot rise with 11.7 feet of run, the stringer is about 14.7 feet.

    What is a comfortable stair angle?

    Between 30 and 35 degrees. Steeper stairs feel unsafe, shallower stairs waste floor space. A 7-inch rise with an 11-inch run gives about 32 degrees.

    What makes stairs comfortable to walk on?

    The most widely used comfort formula is from architect Francis Ching: two risers plus one tread should equal 24 to 25 inches (2R + T = 24–25). The ideal stair angle is between 30 and 35 degrees. A classic 7-inch rise with an 11-inch tread scores 25 on the Ching formula and hits 32.5 degrees — considered the gold standard for residential stairs.

    Typical Results

    Standard floor(8' ceiling + floor assembly)13–14 risers
    Tall floor(9' ceiling + floor assembly)15–16 risers
    Deck stairs(3' high deck)5–6 risers

    💡 Total rise should be ~105–110" for standard 8' ceiling. If riser count seems off, recheck measurement.